[Strategerist]

Likewise, the extreme volcanic activity on Jupiter's moon Io seems incapable of being sustained for extremely long periods of time.

Io is frictionally heated by the gravitational changes of its elliptical orbit close to massive Jupiter; that energy never "runs out."

This author is either an idiot or a liar. Probably some combination of the two.

[zeugma]

Io is frictionally heated by the gravitational changes of its elliptical orbit close to massive Jupiter; that energy never "runs out."

There is no such thing as perpetual motion. The energy has to come from somewhere. In this particular case, I vote Jupiter. I would imagine it could probably be calculated how much rotational energy Io steals from Jupiter with each orbit.

[editor-surveyor]

>> Io is frictionally heated by the gravitational changes of its elliptical orbit close to massive Jupiter; that energy never “runs out.” <<

nonsense. It would become a hollow, dead shell, without any source of friction in less than 10,000 years.