California does.
The federal tax on gasoline is 18.4¢/gallon.
The state taxes add up to 51.3¢/gallon as of Oct 1st, 2012.
Source:
Gasoline & Diesel Motor Fuel Taxes
http://www.api.org/Oil-and-Natural-Gas-Overview/Industry-Economics/~/media/Files/Statistics/gasoline-diesel-summary.ashx
All states shown at link
Plus the sales tax not only is on the price of gasoline, but on the other taxes already added in. Highly illegal.