Replies

"Good grief, get your dates correct yourself ~ the Seljuk Turks took it all over by 1200. Mongol rule overlaps and is coterminous with (and involved the same guys) as Turkish rule." 1267 was when the Mamluks forbade all Jews above the 7th Step of the Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron. I know, because there's a plaque on the Seventh Step attesting to it. The prohibition remained in place until 1967. Ergo, the Mamluks were still in business. The actual conquest of Egypt and the entire Mamluk empire was accomplished in 1516 by Salim the First, as per President Yitzchak ben Tzvi's well-researched book: Hayishuv Hayhudi Bitkufat Ha'atomanim. I haven't finished it yet (it's dry, heavily anotated, and in Modern Hebrew), but have gotten that far. As for the Seljuks, they didn't "take it all over". The farthest west that they ever ruled was the Persian Gulf and Anatolia (in Turkey). The Turkish Empire that the British dismantled in WW I was the Ottoman, a very different animal. Wikipedia: The House of Seljuq (Persian: سلجوقيان‎ Saljūqīyān; Turkish: Selçuklular), also known as the House of Seljuk Turks[1], was a Persianate[2][3][4], Turco-Persian[5][6][7][8][9] Sunni Muslim dynasty, originating from the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks.[10] The dynasty ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. The House of Seljuq established both the Great Seljuq Empire and Sultanate of Rum, which at their total height stretched from Anatolia through Persia, and were targets of the First Crusade. Which parts of the Middle East did they rule: The Great Seljuq Empire (Persian: دولت سلجوقیان‎; Modern Turkish: Büyük Selçuklu Devleti) was a medieval Turko-Persian[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks.[16] The Seljuq Empire controlled a vast area stretching from the Hindu Kush to eastern Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf. From their homelands near the Aral sea, the Seljuqs advanced first into Khorasan and then into mainland Persia before eventually conquering eastern Anatolia. The Seljuq empire was founded by Tughril Beg in 1037 after the efforts by the founder of the Seljuq dynasty, Seljuq Beg, back in the first quarter of the eleventh century. Seljuq Beg's father was in a higher position in the Oghuz Yabgu State, and gave his name both to the state and the dynasty. The Seljuqs united the fractured political scene of the Eastern Islamic world and played a key role in the first and second crusades. Highly Persianized[10][11][12][13] in culture[17][18][19] and language,[10][20][21][22][23] the Seljuqs also played an important role in the development of the Turko-Persian tradition,[24] even exporting Persian culture to Anatolia.[25][26] The settlement of Turkic tribes in the northwestern peripheral parts of the empire, for the strategic military purpose of fending off invasions from neighboring states, led to the progressive turkicization of those areas.[27]

“Good grief, get your dates correct yourself ~ the Seljuk Turks took it all over by 1200. Mongol rule overlaps and is coterminous with (and involved the same guys) as Turkish rule.”

1267 was when the Mamluks forbade all Jews above the 7th Step of the Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron. I know, because there’s a plaque on the Seventh Step attesting to it. The prohibition remained in place until 1967. Ergo, the Mamluks were still in business.

The actual conquest of Egypt and the entire Mamluk empire was accomplished in 1516 by Salim the First, as per President Yitzchak ben Tzvi’s well-researched book: Hayishuv Hayhudi Bitkufat Ha’atomanim. I haven’t finished it yet (it’s dry, heavily anotated, and in Modern Hebrew), but have gotten that far.