I’ve know guys that served on the Indy, Forrestal, Big E, Shitty Kitty — all of them saw these carriers outrun escorts when an aircraft went in the drink.
A neighbor served on destroyers on several WestPac cruises. He was a Boiler Tech. They literally had trouble keeping station during air ops when boilers & hull needed cleaning.
Spruance-class destroyers went so fast they threw rooster tails. But sea conditions limited the practical speeds more than it did with the carriers.
I was aboard the Big E for a couple of cruises to the South China Sea and I was surprised when we out ran the escort ships.
Above 20 knots it’s all about hullform. The carrier has a massive freeboard and sheer edge on any destroyer. In a leading sea the destroyer will dig in at top speed while the carrier will still plane.