I agree, if all you have is one chemical like Hoppe’s 9. But the regs are written for the case, typical in industry, where you have several.
I worked in a lab that used denatured ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohols, solder rosin, solder rosin cleaner, DI water, some sort of chlorinated stuff, plus various adhesives. Once you get them out of the 5 gal cans and into dispenser bottles, which one is which?
On top of the safety issues (different flammabilities and toxicities), there are production quality issues like putting the chlorinated stuff on a plastic lens, or trying to clean solder residues with DI water. So the lab had a label on each bottle. You can buy bottles pre-labeled if you are dealing with common stuff.
I don’t think there is a separate OSHA standard for a shooting range (and I deeply hope there never will be!). I think they apply the same published standards to all workplaces. There are special concerns, like trenching or the use of overhead lifts and scissor jacks, but they apply to the condition not the industry. When the inspector sees little bottles of some chemical all over, he applies the standard for “chemicals in the workplace”.
They could be dinged for hazmat if they chuck the patches in regular trash, too, since swabs and wipes become hazmat once they touch a hazardous material.
I would also question the number of employees at the workplace. IIRC, if the are fewer than 10 employees, then OSHA is basically barking up a tree when it comes to enforcing compliance with a fine. They would be fining a small business out of existance.
Hazmat for patches? Even hospitals can discard bandages and dressings with similar amounts of bodily fluids on them in normal trash without contravening OSHA regs. That doesn't seem fair. All-in-all, it seems like the range was targeted.