From my understanding, the theory is that our immune system is so primed to attack infection, that, lacking what was a normal barrage of infectious enemies to attack, the immune system becomes hyper sensitive, and over reacts, or even begins attacking the bodies own cells (autoimmune diseases, which are becoming rampant).
So, at a certain age, should we all be exposed to a low-level variety of infectious agents in order to give our immune system a good workout, on a similar principle to the flu shot?