I work with composites, and I can say its not difficult to make a shotgun shell out of a clear polymer, it may be a one shot affair and not re-loadable. Every angle and dimension can be duplicated. The primer would be an issue...for now.
And the slug can be a solid chunk of leaded glass for weight with a polymer shell or jacket so it will rifle or be rifled.
Now doing the same to a cartridge would be more demanding because then you lose all semblance of ballistics.
Clear shotgun shells are not new. The idea “failed” because the semi-autos would rip a chunk out of the base and jam.
http://www.gunauction.com/search/displayitem.cfm?itemnum=7340328
Wanda made plastic shotgun shells.
They were different colors for different gages IIRC.
Could have just as easy been clear.