The Trumbull quote is talking about making citizens through the 14th amendment. It isn’t about natural-born citizenship. Persons who are natural-born do NOT need an amendment to make them citizens. This is what the Supreme Court told us an at least two occasions.
In some world only the “natural born” contingent inhabit, citizens mentioned in the 14th amendment are different than those mentioned in the original constitution. Pity for them, there is no explanation of that in the law, nor has SCOTUS agreed with them. You have nothing where SCOTUS specifies “14th amendment citizens have fewer privileges than ‘other’ citizens,” or that 14th amendment citizens are distinguished legally from others. Unless you butcher quotes, of course.