[Huck]

At other times, he willingly embraced the doctrine of implied powers himself.

Of course he did. He knew exactly what the necessary and proper clause meant. He was a political creature. His record is full of flip-flops and incoherence. In the end, he did more harm to liberty than good.

[dr_lew]

In the end, he did more harm to liberty than good.

Phooey!

[YHAOS]

”Of course he did (willingly embrace the doctrine of implied powers). He knew exactly what the necessary and proper clause meant.”

Suppose you explain to us exactly what Madison (and Jefferson) meant by “implied powers” and how the necessary and proper clause applies to that concept?