It's not a dodge, it's handing your assets over to a court, and letting the court figure out how to pay your creditors. The creditors aren't getting zero unless the bankruptcy court accepts the case, then says so.
An entity only has so much money. When the money runs out, bankruptcy ensues.
We disagree. If a court compels you to act immorally, that absolves you of any moral responsibility for your actions (maybe). If a court permits you to act immorally, that does not absolve you of the responsibility to act morally. If you cannot pay today, when the court writes off all or part of a valid debt, but you can pay tomorrow or next year, then I would say that there is still a moral obligation to pay off a morally valid debt when you are able to.