The centrifuges were harmed by overspeed and uncontrolled speed changes. Anything that spins fast is very vulnerable to this.
So they’ve reported.
Please don’t believe all of what you hear.
The centrifuges spin around 80,000+ rpms the only thing that can destroy them is weight imbalance that becomes profound far beyond terminal speeds.
That has happened when a tech did not thoroughly clean a fingerprint off. Traces of cleaning solvent remained and caused a wobble at terminal speed during testing.
The reason for the destruction of the Iranian centrifuges is well known in technical circles. Iran's yellow cake was heavily contaminated with molybdenum that is nearly the same weight as uranium but a slightly larger atom and keeps plugging up the extractor tubes.