You can make ammo with faster-burning powder, intermediate between rifle and pistol powder.
And why don't they always do that? Because burning all of the powder in a 7.62x51 cartridge in 14" would do two things:
1. Increase pressures to the point that you would need a 14 pound receiver to handle it.
2. Burn up the barrel in about 300 rounds.
That's why they don't pack cartridges full of C4.