Your cell phone can track you within a few feet without GPS. I actually saw my phone tracked that way simply by using cell tower triangulation. It was demonstrated before my very eyes.
And I was not making a call at the time.
When we drove the U-haul from Seattle to our farm in central Kentucky my phone was constantly pinging cell towers. It is what cell phones do. All of those pings are saved.
Right now, if necessary, law enforcement could subpoena the cell tower pings from my provider from last June and track my move to Kentucky. They would know where I was at any time during the entire drive.
The only way to keep it from doing that is to turn off your phone.
If you have a cell phone, your location is being logged at all times - and saved for seven years.
The only way to keep it from doing that is to turn off your phone.
Not enough. Remove the battery. One of my projects was at a defense related client who shall go unnamed, and batteries were required to be removed from cell phones. No transmitting devices (pagers and the like) were permitted as well.
Actually turning it off will do nothing, with sophisticated equipment all that is needed is for the Battery to be in it. This was admitted to by Fedzilla years ago.