However, there were enough Levites left to continue the Temple priesthood.
True. The Levites were not given allotments of land, only cities, so were never considered as one of the northern 10 tribes.
The descendants of all Jacob’s 12 sons received land grants except the Levites. The remaining 11 tribes divided Canaan into 12 parcels, with Joseph’s heirs getting a double measure, his inheritance split between the descendants of his two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh.
Judah and Benjamin and, as you point out, Levi, remained faithful. The northern tribes were scattered and absorbed into other nations.