Yes, perhaps Arthur's father obtained his US citizenship in secret when Arthur was 14 and people didn't gossip way back then. Not likely, but, I suppose possible.
The "country" surely didn't care about C.A. when he was a 14 y.o. and what citizenship status his father had when he was born. The issue, apparently, never came up. Why? I would venture a guess that nobody had a reason to doubt his eligibility when he was elected Vice President. The information wasn't widely known then, as it is more so now. It doesn't appear that he went public in a book (etc) saying that when he was born, his father was a foreigner. Furthermore, the "media" back then was far different than it is today, not having "thrill's" up their leg & actively cheerleading for the guy. C.A. had his papers burned upon his death. Gee, I wonder why? Something to hide perhaps?