[Moonman62]

The answer, of course, is the law of gravity. Gravity is causing a layer of order in the results, the random scattering on the floor not-withstanding. So there is a mixture of chance and order that needs to be invoked in the overall explanation here.

Doesn't biochemistry and other natural processes such as snowflake formation work the same way, a combination of natural law, and chance?

And then, if we notice that the red marbles alone, of all the colors, spell out a word in English, we would have evidence for a cause not explainable by chance nor by natural laws/order.

What if the marbles are dropped a billion times, and one of those drops out of a billion yields a word in English spelled by the red marbles?

There are difficult computational problems that aren't solvable (or easily solved) by algorithms alone, but are solvable when the algorithms are combined with chance or randomness. Perhaps God is a better problem solver than some people think.

I'm not sure I've answered the question, or gone down a rabbit trail. I apologize if the latter...

Good answer. Good post.

[Behemoth the Cat]

Add the concept of cumulative selection to your discussion about probability. It's quite relevant to biology, and also to such physicochemical phenomena as crystal growth (that goes seemingly against entropy). The concept of cumulative selection is nicely explained in Stryer's Biochemistry, on the occasion of discussing the paradox of protein folding.