[allmendream]

There is no proof. Just evidence that supports or contradicts the theory. A good theory explains all the evidence consistently.

What theories do you consider proven? And how would they be adjusted by contrary data?

[Natural Law]

"What theories do you consider proven?"

A precise use of the language is required to answer the question. A theory, in the emperical scientific sense of the word, is an analytic structure designed to explain a set of empirical observations. Once proven the structure ceases to be a theory and becomes a principle.

That being said, the theory of relativity (E=MC^2) is pretty well established by the explosion of the atomic bombs.