Not every one who makes a wrong assumption or conclusion is a criminal.
Assumptions are speculative and conclusions are subjective. Facts are not supposed to be either. If it's going to be submitted as "fact" and expected to be accepted on those terms then the consequences of that is that anything contrary to it is fraud.
tl: “If it’s going to be submitted as “fact” and expected to be accepted on those terms then the consequences of that is that anything contrary to it is fraud.”
Then we can start prosecuting the perpetrators of fraud in science for ......
Studies examine withholding of scientific data among researchers, trainees
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1565120/posts
It May Look Authentic; Here’s How to Tell It Isn’t
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1563746/posts
Most scientific papers are probably wrong
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1473528/posts
Most Science Studies Appear to Be Tainted By Sloppy Analysis
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1896333/posts
Why Most Published Research Findings Are False