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To: MyTwoCopperCoins

Sorry guy, but you clearly don’t understand what you are talking about. That only says that there is a period where maternal genes are influential and at the end of that period, paternal genes also come into play. The unique DNA of the child exists from the time fertilization is comlete. The zygote is a unique individual human being.

Once more, do feel free to provide some credible material that states explictly that the offspring of two human beings is EVER anything but a living human being.

It was nearly effortless for me to provide several credible sources that state explictly that we are indeed living human beings from the time we are concieved. In fact, one states clearly that a zygote is a unicellular human being.

By now, it should be clear to you that you are not going to find anything that suggests that unborns, even at the very early stages are something other than living human beings, but by all means, keep reaching for straws. There is a certain facination to be found in your efforts.


54 posted on 02/18/2009 1:43:09 PM PST by N2Gems
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To: N2Gems

Embryological View:

In contrast to the genetic view, the embryological view states that human life originates not at fertilization but rather at gastrulation. Human embryos are capable of splitting into identical twins as late as 12 days after fertilization resulting in the development of separate individuals with unique personalities and different souls, according to the religious view. Therefore, properties governing individuality are not set until after gastrulation. This view is endorsed by a host of contemporary scientists such as Renfree (1982), Grobstein (1988) and McLaren. This view of when life begins has also been adopted as the official position of the British government. The implications of a belief in this view include giving support to controversial forms of contraception including the "morning after" pill and contragestational agents as long as they are administered during the first two weeks of pregnancy.

One of the most popular positions among philosophers is the perspective that life begins at the point of gastrulation - that point at which the zygote is an ontological individual and can no longer become two individuals. Gastrulation commences at the beginning of the third week of pregnancy, when the zygote, now known as an embryo, is implanted into the uterus of the mother. The cells are now differentiated into three categories that will give rise to the different types of body tissue. (Shannon and Wolter 1990). After gastrulation the zygote is destined to form no more than one human being.

The philosophers who support this position argue that there exists a difference between a human individual and a human person. A zygote is both human and numerically single and thus a human individual. However, because individuality is not certain until implantation is complete, and because individuality is a necessary condition of personhood, the zygote is not yet a human person. (Ford 1988; Shannon and Wolter 1990; McCormick 1991). Catholic scholars Shannon and Wolter (1990) describe this eloquently saying, "An individual is not an individual, and therefore not a person, until the process of restriction is complete and determination of particular cells has occurred. Then, and only then, it is clear that another individual cannot come from the cells of this embryo."

Some supporters of the fertilization position find fault in this argument by claiming that the potential of twinning is a technicality and not strong enough to support the claim that human life does not begin until gastrulation. Alan Holland puts forth the view that just because a zygote has the possibility to divide into multiple individuals does not mean that it is not an individual before it divides. As an analogy, he presents the case of the worm that is clearly a single individual worm until it is cut into two when it becomes two individual worms. (Holland 1990).

Some would also argue that in the discussion of when human life begins the question of whether a zygote will eventually become one individual or multiple individuals is irrelevant. The key point is that at least one human life may begin as the result of the zygote, and thus human life began at the creation of the zygote, fourteen days before gastrulation.

http://8e.devbio.com/article.php?id=162

 

Once more, do feel free to provide some credible material that states explictly that the offspring of two human beings is EVER anything but a living human being.

Read my post prior to my immediate previous post.

55 posted on 02/18/2009 1:54:06 PM PST by MyTwoCopperCoins (I don't have a license to kill; I have a learner's permit.)
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