What is your understanding of time with respect to Adam’s existence before he was “banished to mortality”?
However, God reveals in Scripture that man was created in the 6th “day” of Creation, relative to the inception which would put Adam's creation, using relativity and inflationary theory, within the last one quarter billion years from our space/time coordinates on earth.
Of course, as with the Temple, Ark and Holy Mountain, there could have been types of Adam (physical men) on earth. Indeed, the historical record suggests that is the case. But Adam was made a living soul by the breath of God. (Genesis 2, I Cor 15:35-50) I will leave it at that for now, because sidebars on death, days, prophecy, etc. could draw us away from the heart of your question.
Or to put it another way, time is geometric. It is one of the four dimensions that we can perceive by our vision and minds (three of space, one of time.) By geometric physics, we can perceive of the possibility of additional dimensions of both space and time – whether compactified (Kaluza/Klein) or expanded (Wesson.)
Interestingly, just one additional temporal (time) dimension belies our sense of time passing, an arrow of time. In that model, past present and future exist concurrently – and obviously, physical causality can be reversed. But that too can get into additional sidebars on both theology and science.
Most importantly, space/time does not pre-exist, it is created as the universe expands. Moreover, that expansion shows there was a beginning of real space and real time. And that was the most theological statement ever to come out of modern science. (Jastrow) "In the beginning God created..." - Genesis 1
An oftentimes overlooked point of relativity is that the speed limit of the universe (speed of light) does not apply to commoving coordinates. Thus a photon sent to us from a star which was a billion light years away at the time – may not arrive for ten billion light years.
For the photon travelling at the speed of light, no time elapsed (null path.) It neither slowed down nor sped up – but space/time itself expanded while it was in route. From our perspective, it took longer to get here.
And under the inflationary model, space/time itself expanded faster than the speed of light.