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Sort of like County Boards of Supervisors here in the U.S.?

I have the sense that the local Councils in the UK are considerably more micromanagement-focused than a typical County Board here in the USA.

As a random example, here's a section taken from the Derby council's page, which outlines things in a very basic and broad way:

Council, Government and Democracy Homepage

Derby is a unitary council which means it provides all local government services within the city boundaries. These include education, social services, highways and transportation, arts and cultural events, refuse collection and recycling, and parks.

Like all local councils, Derby is a democratic organisation with 51 councillors representing 17 wards. Council members are elected for four year terms. Elections take place three years out of every four, when a third of the Council is elected. The next fallow year with no election will be 2009

Currently the Council is composed of 14 Conservative members, 2 Independent members, 17 Labour members and 18 Liberal Democrat members.

The Council operates a Leader/Cabinet style of government with appointments being made to these positions by Council. The next Council Meeting will be held on 21 May 2008.

The Council’s policy framework and budget are set by Council but all executive decisions are taken by or on behalf of Cabinet. The councillors meet as a full council around every six weeks. A limited number of items of business, such as approving the level of council tax, must be considered by the full Council.

Individual planning and licensing decisions are non-executive matters and decisions are taken by separate committees of the Council.

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It may well be that different Councils have different parameters of operation and responsibility.

Here's a directory of local Councils in England, and you may well be able to find out more by comparing some of the different Councils in different parts of the country.

Local councils Directgov - Directories