Always. We've had a drought around here and the City rightfully asked everyone to cut water usage, restricted lawn watering, car washing, etc. The measures were so successful that the City no longer gets enough revenue to run the water department. Hence water rates are jacked up.
Demand goes down, price goes up--when the government makes the rules.
For years I had a well and did not use City water but they found a way to skewer me and others who weren't helping to fill the coffers. We were charged for rain water that runs off our land into storm sewers and creeks. The storm sewer has been in place for 35+ years here and doesn't require a lot of maintenance.
I suppose we're lucky they haven't thought of a breathing tax...yet.
You've never heard of Cap and Trade, Carbon Taxes, etc.?
Same thing here in Atlanta. And all because the COE left the dam open too long and too much over the very wet winter. The other lakes are back to normal.