KOSOVO:How a 'Success Story' Became Such a Mess

Inter Press Service (IPS) ^ | 28 February 2008 | Apostolis Fotiadis

[Doctor13]

PRISTINA, Feb 28 (IPS) - After the unilateral declaration of independence by Kosovo on Feb. 17, ethnic tensions are rising dangerously again in the region, especially in Northern Kosovo and the other Serbian enclaves scattered around the province.

Daily protests in northern Mitrovica, an area with an ethnic Serb majority, the attacks on border checkpoints Jarinje and Brnjak by thousands of Serbs, and regular damaging of buildings and vehicles used by United Nations staff indicate a Serb determination to counteract the proclaimed independence of Kosovo.

But there is something more than raw anger that cultivates tensions in this case. A senior member of the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), and a customs official, both told IPS on condition of anonymity that UNMIK's serious incapacities in administering post-independence Kosovo, and the organised disobedience by the Serbs point to gloom prospects for Kosovo's future.

The customs official said the civil disobedience in Northern Mitrovica is radicalising Serbs in Kosovo and keeping the atmosphere tense.

"The most important development is that for some time already the Serbian Kosovo Police (KPS) personnel have been disobeying orders coming from the central police authority in Pristina," he said. KPS is the multi-ethnic police force of Kosovo that deploys both Serbian and Albanian officers.

"Replacing them with Albanian officers is impossible, as well as releasing them from duty, because you need police presence," he said. The security vacuum is causing concern to UNMIK leaders who see their control over Kosovo fading rapidly.

According to resolution 1244 passed by the U.N. Security Council in June 1999, UNMIK was the supreme administrative authority for facilitating the process of defining Kosovo's status.

After unilateral independence UNMIK is supposed to have fulfilled its role. After a 120-day transitional period following the declaration of independence, it will be formally replaced, and practically incorporated, by the International Civilian Office (ICO) led by the European Union. ICO will supervise the legislative work of Kosovo's government and the implementation of the Ahtisaari Package.

The package, named after United Nations special envoy Martti Ahtisaari, who mediated negotiations for the status of Kosovo between Belgrade and Pristina until their collapse in December 2007, was the basis for a draft UN Security Council Resolution which proposed "supervised independence" for the province. Serbian leaders in Belgrade have rejected the plan though it provides for a decentralisation of powers along ethnic lines that would allow the Serbian population to retain control over their own communities all over Kosovo.

According to the plan, new legislation is valid only if ratified by the supervising international authority. However, as the U.N. official told IPS, "after independence the government has already introduced ten laws without seeking the supervisor's validation. In an internally circulated letter the PM Hashim Thaci is telling UNMIK that the authority to sign new legislation falls on the elected president of Kosovo."

International authorities have not reacted to this. The reason is that legal complications have rendered unclear where responsibilities lie between UNMIK and the ICO.

The Thaci administration still remains committed to implementing the Ahtisaari Package. But Visar Ymer, political analyst at the popular Albanian activist organisation 'Self-Determination' believes that decentralisation undermines independence itself.

"Implementation of the Ahtisaari Package will pave the way for a future frozen conflict in Kosova," he told IPS. "The declared state will be non-functional territorially in the future since the Serbian municipalities formed according to it will remain linked to Belgrade's parallel structures. The plan foresees the involvement of Serbia in local politics, but in a new way."

The 'parallel structures' are the maintenance of educational, welfare and security structures, and financial support offered to Serbians who remained in the province after 1999.

They have been used as a vehicle from Belgrade to preserve its influence in the area and make sure that Kosovo Serbs do not integrate into Kosovo's state structures.

While UNMIK attempts to downplay the importance of recent developments, people are becoming increasingly aware how dangerous the complications might become.

UNMIK head Joachim Rucker was asked during a visit to the Serbian enclave of Gracanica, 10 kilometres south of Pristina, whether "after losing control over northern Kosovo, you are going to lose the enclaves as well."

Such Serbian moves could provoke retaliation from Albanian militants, so far calm.

Hasim Thaci has stated that "Kosovo borders are the most secure in the region." This provoked Milan Ivanovic, leader of the Serbian National Council that maintains strong political control over northern Kosovo and the enclaves, to say that in the areas populated by Serbian majorities, Kosovo's leadership "can implement their presence only by force." He said such action would result in widespread violence.

[Banat]

If Kosovo independence is illegal, then so would Mitrovica independence be illegal. For Serbia to recognize Mitrovica independence, they would have to recognize Kosovo independence first.

No. Northern Kosovo isn't going to proclaim independence. It is going to proclaim that it doesn't wish to separate from Serbia. Since it is majority Serbian, I think those people have the right to decide for themselves where they want to live, following the example set by Kosovo Albanians. However, given that pretty much all the mineral wealth is situated north of the Ibar (i.e. North Kosovo)...

It's up to the international community to decide whether they want another Middle East or Northern Ireland or a frozen conflict such as Cyprus, where the two sides can work it out in peace, at the table.

[Tailgunner Joe]

For example, Bill Clinton, the rapist-in-chief signed the Kyoto treaty, an international socialist weapon for destroying the United States of America. When George W. Bush became President, he rescinded our country’s signature and today we are not part of the Kyoto treaty. This was absolutely the right decision. Another treaty George W. Bush abrogated was the ABM treaty. This was another of President Bush’s crowning achievements. Treaties can be broken the same way they are agreed to. We decide to agree to them, and only we decide if we want to break them. Nobody can make the USA follow a treaty because our government answer to we, the people, not to the UN, or Serbia, or Russia. This is what we mean when we say that the US is a sovereign nation. That’s not anarchy, it's the rule of law, our law, and no one else’s.