Adjustments are instituted by the consumer...usually regarding faulty mdse., wanting to make a return on a final sale, etc. There is no way (I can think of) that a merchant gets an ‘oops’ from the CC companies and gets to add a charge on. That is why mom/pop type operations are adverse to phone orders...too much opportunity for a dishonest cust. to dispute a legitimate charge.
Hotels, I think, have the most frequent use of add-ons and adjustments but it is available to other merchants also. If you can find the instruction booklet for your POS terminal, look up the section which is usually labeled just that: "add-ons and adjustments". One need only document that merchandise or services were received.
The right of a consumer to reverse charges is far more restricted than generally believed if the merchant choses to contest the matter. The issue usually goes to actual receipt and merchantability. If there is no actual fraud involved, the merchant can usually collect if he so chooses.