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The Theory of Moral Neuroscience
Reason ^ | November 21, 2007 | Ronald Bailey

Posted on 11/22/2007 11:04:02 PM PST by neverdem

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1 posted on 11/22/2007 11:04:03 PM PST by neverdem
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To: neverdem
Greene conducted fMRI brain scans on people while they considered these personal versus impersonal moral dilemmas. He discovered the first "involved greater activity in brain areas that are associated with emotion and social cognition." Why? Greene proposes an evolutionary answer. He points out that our ancestors evolved in an environment in which they could only choose to save people that they knew personally, not total strangers living continents away.

Greene's findings again buttress Adam Smith's insight from more than two centuries ago that empathy works to prompt us to help our neighbors but attenuates with social distance. "That we should be but little interested, therefore, in the fortune of those whom we can neither serve nor hurt, and who are in every respect so very remote from us, seems wisely ordered by Nature," writes Smith. Wisely ordered or not, modern neuroscience is showing that Nature has so ordered our moral intuitions.

Odd thinking, since moralists long ago, were able to think of human beings in this way, long before means of communicating such people were developed. Kant postulated a moral imperative, but maybe the old natiral law argument has weight, and of course let us not forget that both Smith and Kant were living in a Judeo-Christian moral universe--as are the neuro-surgeons--and as were the early Darwinists who simpoly assumed the evolutionary value of those Judeo-Christian values. To the disgust? of Nietsche and some others.

2 posted on 11/22/2007 11:16:38 PM PST by RobbyS ( CHIRHO)
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To: devolve; neverdem

[our ability to empathize with others is at the root of our morality.]
Combined with common sense!

Certainly it is easy to help someone you ‘see’is in trouble but the corruption and greed in the world makes it hard to trust trying to help people far away.

We know it doesn’t always ‘get’ to those in need and the charities use most of it for their own purposes.

I think we are taught ‘caring’ as children, otherwise we are uncaring.

Interesting article.


3 posted on 11/22/2007 11:23:20 PM PST by potlatch ("Life may not be the party we hoped for, but while we're here we might as well dance!")
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To: neverdem

According to modern science, the entire universe as you know it exists inside your head.

Think about it. Everything you see is the result of light that enters your brain through your eyes, so everything you have ever seen in your entire life has been nothing more than a little show right there inside your head.

Replace “eyes” with “ears,” and the same applies to everything you have ever heard in your entire life.

In fact, according to science, the entire universe as you know it is right there in your head. Does anything exist outside you? Well, maybe, but if it does, you will never know.

As for morality, just go ahead and do anything you want, because everything is in your head anyway.

How’s that for “scientific morality”?


4 posted on 11/22/2007 11:25:20 PM PST by RussP
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To: El Gato; Ernest_at_the_Beach; Robert A. Cook, PE; lepton; LadyDoc; jb6; tiamat; PGalt; Dianna; ...
Beyond the embryo fight

The race to put a hurt on the flu, Researchers seeking a 'universal vaccine'

UK fat patients claim discrimination (overweight patients are denied surgery)

FReepmail me if you want on or off my health and science ping list.

5 posted on 11/22/2007 11:26:34 PM PST by neverdem (Call talk radio. We need a Constitutional Amendment for Congressional term limits. Let's Roll!)
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To: neverdem

It would be fascinating to see this same study performed on people who are narcissistic, sociopathic, and psychopathic.

Would they have varying levels of mirrorneuron response? Would the narcissist have a slightly lower response than a normal person, and a psychopath no mirrorneuron response at all?

And what of cognitively disabled people? If these tests had been performed on Michael & Terri Schiavo, would she have displayed a higher response than he? And if so, could those results be used to justify giving him the sentence she was given?


6 posted on 11/23/2007 12:19:03 AM PST by LilAngel (FReeping on a cell phone is like making Christmas dinner in an Easy Bake Oven)
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To: RussP
As for morality, just go ahead and do anything you want, because everything is in your head anyway.

"A little learning is a dangerous thing." Science asks us to take the objective world seriously, and if we understand our mental functioning in objective terms, it behooves us to consider where this fits in the larger scheme of things. "Order is heaven's first law."

7 posted on 11/23/2007 1:04:47 AM PST by dr_lew
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To: neverdem
Smith's argument is that our ability to empathize with others is at the root of our morality.

Morality and all of its associated ideals are rooted entirely in the presupposition some higher power defines what is correct for human behavior.

8 posted on 11/23/2007 1:11:06 AM PST by Sir Francis Dashwood (LET'S ROLL!)
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To: potlatch; dr_lew; RobbyS; devolve; RussP; El Gato; Ernest_at_the_Beach; Robert A. Cook, PE; ...
Morality is rooted entirely in the presupposition some higher power defines what is correct for human behavior.
9 posted on 11/23/2007 1:16:43 AM PST by Sir Francis Dashwood (LET'S ROLL!)
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To: RussP

“In fact, according to science, the entire universe as you know it is right there in your head. Does anything exist outside you? Well, maybe, but if it does, you will never know.”

Actually, the problem of solipsism has been dealt with long, long ago.


10 posted on 11/23/2007 1:24:06 AM PST by dsc
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To: neverdem

Sounds like they showed that the monkey was thinking about eating an ice cream cone. Just goes to show the power of advertisement.


11 posted on 11/23/2007 2:45:42 AM PST by HiTech RedNeck (Beat a better path, and the world will build a mousetrap at your door.)
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To: dsc

You only thought so.


12 posted on 11/23/2007 2:46:05 AM PST by HiTech RedNeck (Beat a better path, and the world will build a mousetrap at your door.)
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To: HiTech RedNeck

“You only thought so.”

Comically enough, that’s a big part of the answer.


13 posted on 11/23/2007 2:59:03 AM PST by dsc
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To: LilAngel; neverdem; Sir Francis Dashwood
It would be fascinating to see this same study performed on people who are narcissistic, sociopathic, and psychopathic.

I was thinking along the same line as I was reading the article. What neurons are firing when one witnesses, hears, or participates in anti-life behavior. Good questions. Thanks. Thanks for the pings.

14 posted on 11/23/2007 6:50:03 AM PST by PGalt
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To: neverdem
Greene's findings again buttress Adam Smith's insight from more than two centuries ago that empathy works to prompt us to help our neighbors but attenuates with social distance. "That we should be but little interested, therefore, in the fortune of those whom we can neither serve nor hurt, and who are in every respect so very remote from us, seems wisely ordered by Nature," writes Smith. Wisely ordered or not, modern neuroscience is showing that Nature has so ordered our moral intuitions.

This would explain why democrats keep running the old, "middle class honors student with MS and no health care" ad. Or the "crippled illegal alien honors student with big brown eyes has to return to slavery in Mexico instead of becoming a PhD in America" type ad. It makes the distant group "close." Stupid people see the ad, their mirror neurons fire and they feel badly. So they vote for Democrats, then the bad feeling goes away, replaced by a feeling about what a caring person they are.

Of course the problem with this is that God made us this way because no person could carry the suffering of all humanity on his shoulders, except the one Guy who actually did. When we are behaving normally, we respond to suffering we might be able to do something about, not to all suffering.

But the success of the "weepy honors student" type ads though means that the reaction may be triggered by well-constructed propaganda--making the distant feel immediate. The ads are constructed so that the bad feeling induced by the ad may be worked-off by something simple like voting for John Kerry or sending money to HRC.

Over time, I wonder if lefties get addicted to having the feeling of empathy induced need to act and then having it satisfied by doing some symbolic act. In that case, they would spend time trying to gin-up a feeling of empathy of for distant people so they could then fix it. That would explain a lot of otherwise difficult-to-understand behavior by lefties: (1) the obsession with "caring" and "commitment" ("commitment" would really just be a mental exercise to constantly gin-up the feeling of empathy for distant people so that it can be fixed), (2) the support of candidates and laws that have nothing to do with fixing the problem in the ad; (3) ritual, symbolic acts that make them feel they have helped the distant people or things (moveon.org neighborhood meetings), sitting in trees in Berkeley (here, the target of empathy is a tree), buying carbon credits (here, the entire earth), voting for a democrat; and (4) the conviction that anyone who does not agree that their symbolic acts are of immense significance and caringness are simply uncaring Nazis.

As to this point 4, I've always wondered why lefties are so vehement in their personalized denunciation of anyone who does not agree with them. Why should a comment that welfare programs, for example, do not help poor people, but hurt them provoke a screaming response along the lines "you hate poor people and want to hurt them you selfish brute." It's possible they are responding to that statement the way a junkie responds to a drug rehab counselor taking away the needle.

15 posted on 11/23/2007 8:17:44 AM PST by ModelBreaker
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To: neverdem

interesting article, thnx for posting it


16 posted on 11/23/2007 9:15:02 AM PST by traviskicks (http://www.neoperspectives.com/Ron_Paul_2008.htm)
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To: devolve; Sir Francis Dashwood; ntnychik; PhilDragoo; dixiechick2000; MeekOneGOP
Morality is rooted entirely in the presupposition some higher power defines what is correct for human behavior.

Of course, and as Christians we believe in God and the Commandments.

But, look at all the different religious beliefs through the ages.

Your morals and beliefs are a 'learned' thing as a child. Empathy - sensitivity to the feelings of others is a 'learned' thing as a child.

I read that a child must learn 'love' by the second year of life.

Some religion out there may be worshiping a tree.

Which 'CULT' was waiting for the arrival of a space ship, lol?

Branch Davidians
Heaven's Gate
The People's Temple (Jim Jones)
Solar Temple
Moonies

Sorry, my post has wandered away from the original topic of Neuroscience.

17 posted on 11/23/2007 10:06:42 AM PST by potlatch ("Life may not be the party we hoped for, but while we're here we might as well dance!")
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To: neverdem

“Greene conducted fMRI brain scans on people while they considered these personal versus impersonal moral dilemmas.”

The problem with this is that the researchers have already decided which is personal or impersonal in order to measure a response to either.

Seems to me like we keep coming back to the fork in the road where stands both a liar and a truth-teller.


18 posted on 11/23/2007 10:38:40 AM PST by Old Professer (The critic writes with rapier pen, dips it twice, and writes again.)
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To: dsc

So has syphilis.


19 posted on 11/23/2007 10:40:55 AM PST by Old Professer (The critic writes with rapier pen, dips it twice, and writes again.)
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To: dsc

“Actually, the problem of solipsism has been dealt with long, long ago.”

Probably so. But not by science. There is absolutely no way to detect by “scientific evidence” that any other conscious being exists other than oneself. The only way you could possibly know for sure that any other being is truly conscious is to be that other being.

Does that mean I believe in solipsism? Well, no. Common sense tells me otherwise. Common sense tells us some things that “science” can never tell us. Maybe that’s why some otherwise good scientists don’t seem to have much common sense.


20 posted on 11/23/2007 11:18:21 AM PST by RussP
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