"Show me just what Mohammed brought that was new, and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached." - Manuel II Palelologus
There is no formal statement of dogma in Judaism, apart from the Shema.
Don’t forget the 13 principles of faith
http://www.torah.org/learning/basics/primer/emuna/ikrim.html
The Sage Hillel pointed out to a pagan that one should do right by one’s fellow man and all the rest of the Torah is commentary.
This explains the full story
http://www.torah.org/learning/parsha-insights/5761/achareimos.html