Be careful of “I know it when I see it” versions of ethnicity. My former boss is named Manuel. He is a born US citizen, native in both Spanish and English. He’s dark-haired and olive-skinned.
But here’s the thing — both his parents are Spanish. No, I don’t mean Hispanic, I mean Spanish. From Spain. Europeans. White. Right? Even if they’re dusky and swarthy?
You are right that there are swarthy people in every nationality. Spain has a lot of Moorish blood, so there are dark people there, even though the average Spaniard is a lot lighter than the average Mexican or Peruvian. Even in Ireland there are the 'Black Irish'....