I lived in N.VA from 91-96 and the commute was awful. I understand it is much worse today. My solution was to become a “slug” and hitchhike to work every day to the Pentagon.
28 between 66 and Dulles is not a problem any longer...they’ve done a great job with overpasses and removing some turn lanes at key traffic lights.
The problem on 28 is between Manassas and 66. The road is 4 lanes but filled with “white panel vans” and “landscaping crew vehicles” if you get my drift. It desperately needs widening or some sort of off-peak lane reversal.
Just one of the many reasons, folks down here in Lynchburg refer to Northern Virginia as “Occupied Virginia”.