Well, at least you agree that "the people" doesn't mean "all persons". I'll settle for that from you.
That is right. Illegal aliens, for example, do not have Constitutional protection. They may well possess the rights listed there, since rights derive not from the Constitution but from "Our Creator", but they are not a party to the legal contract between American citizens and the government known as the Constitution.
"The People" refered to in that document are those who are party to the contract, that is, all American citizens.