Blame the parent.
I have an idea! ( Not as expensive as holding a child back)
Send these children to Sylvan Tutoring Centers for the summer. My guess is that almost all of these failling kids would not only pass the state exam, but by the end of the summer would be a year ahead of those kids who did pass the state exam.
Opps! Did I say Sylvan? A **Profit** making concern? Well...We all know how the Marxists running the government schools **feel** (sarc) about **profit**. ( Those eeeeevil capitalists!)
You don’t know what you are talking about when it comes to the teaching of reading to children who are either socially and/or culturally deprived and/or learning disabled.