You are correct. The IUD does displace an emplanted baby.
I'd forgotten about IUDs.
What is an IUD?
There are two IUDs available on the US market, the Progestasert and the Paragard copper-T. The IUD remains a medically safe method for many women and is the reversible contraceptive method used by more women across the globe.Medical practice and protocol in the US are that IUDs are not prescribed for women who have not carried a pregnancy to full term. A woman's uterus is smaller if she has not carried a pregnancy to full term, and a smaller uterus poses greater risk for irritation from the IUD and subsequent infection of the uterus.
Medical practices are different in different countries. Female students who have come to Brown with an IUD may not be able to replace it once here.
How does it work to prevent pregnancy?
IUDs work by preventing an egg from being fertilized, although scientists are not exactly sure how this happens. Theories about this process include:
- It affects the way the sperm or egg moves
- Substances released by the IUD immobilize sperm
- It moves the egg through the fallopian tube too fast to be fertilized.
The copper in the ParaGard adds to the effectiveness of the IUD in other ways. It affects the lining of the uterus by not allowing an egg to implant and it stimulates the production of prostaglandins, chemicals that affect the hormones needed to support a pregnancy. The ParaGard can be a long-term method that may be left in for 8 years.
The Progestasert IUD prevents pregnancy by releasing the hormone progestin, which thickens the cervical mucus. This acts as a barrier to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. The Progestasert also affects the lining of the uterus to prevent an egg from being implanted. Because of the hormonal component of the Progestasert, it must be replaced yearly.
How effective is the IUD in preventing pregnancy and STIs?
The IUD is one of the most effective methods of contraception available. The rate of pregnancy for women using the ParaGard is 0.8% and for women using the Progestasert the rate is 2%. However, IUDs do not offer any protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).