Nonsense on stilts.
The Constitution prohibited any religious test for officers of the United States, not for those of the states.
The 1st Amendment prohibited congress from establishing a religion, it made no comment on whether a state could do so.
It wasn't until the post civil war amendments that the bill of rights was applied to state action.
If as I'm sure you believe, human rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness are given only by the Creator, not by man, then those rights exist period. They are not bound by the limitations of time or place. That the federal courts refused to consider the basic rights of the citizens of the United States until after the 14th Amendment...and then taking another hundred years before the courts recognized their duty did not make it right.
Did the United States have the duty to protect the rights of its citizens with one of the states in the Union? Of course it did. That is the primary duty of any government. That it didn't is ignored by those who want to forget. All was corrected by the 14th Amendment, huh? Oh, BTW, that would include the religious tests.
So the denial of rights to any citizen of the United States is unconstitutional and always has been. It just wasn't enforced. Remember, rights trump powers. And rights are not dependent on man for ratification. They exist independent of time and place, and government is duty bound to enforce them.