In a republic (I only state this because it seems either to have eluded you, or you were never informed of it in the first place ... quite likely the latter since you describe yourself as a 'young' ''scholar'', just so given the state of ''education'' in the US over the past few decades), the citizen individually and the citizens generally are sovereign. They grant power to government, as a rule by formal agreement a la the Constitution or the old Roman 12 Tables.
Now, I've already observed that you're (unfortunately) too thick to grasp this principle. How did you evince this? By confusing state authority with a civil action, which is clearly the remedy this dismissed employee should seek. The government (in theory) doesn't decide civil actions; some number of one's fellow citizens do, correct? (That's rhetorical, of course it's correct, sheesh.)
Now, whether or not X number of citizens deciding a civil action, and who are empaneled to do so, have been infused with your particular and evidently self-preferred brand of Trotskyism, well...that's a throw of the dice. I daresay it varies by state, rather widely.
A civil action is only as powerful as the government that enforces it, and if you believe the government and courts should act together to restrict the freedom of individual businesses to hire and fire as they choose, you are far more statist than I.
Since you have called me a statist and Trotskyite, could you please point out where I have ever advocated that the government control any aspect of a person's life?
I daresay you have no education or real-world experience with the legalities of employment law.