I think your view of what the 1950s was like is just as black and white as the situation comedies of that era. My mother, who got her B.A. in 1941, her M.A. in 1946 (after serving in the Red Cross during the war), and her Ph.D. in 1951, would chuckle at it if she were here to do so (if she had time, working full time from 1946-1979, with a few years off when I arrived). So would my grandmother (B.A. 1913), who also mixed career and home life pretty well.
Were things more repressive than they are now? Yep. Do people have a lot more choices now? You bet. I am not minimizing the progress that has been made, but your view of the '50s is kind of cartoonish. I'm beginning to suspect you weren't there to see it for yourself. ;)