What is a "gop?"
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A 'gop' is a "group of pictures" and is used in MPEG encoding of video to describe the number of video frames used for an encoding sequence. A GOP is the number of video frames between I frames. There are three types of MPEG frames, I, B, and P. I frames are complete stand alone frames, where B frames are bidirectional frames and use information from the previous and following frames (bidirectional) to recreate a video frame, while a P frame is a predictor frame, and is used to estimate the resulting video frame.
A typical GOP structure used in HDTV broadcasting is IBBPBBPBBPBBPBB which is a 15 frame GOP.
GOP also stands for "Grand Old Party" and is often used to refer to the Republican Party.