Remember this:
Were it not for space, things would not exist.
Moreover, no thing or event can exist in the absence of the space/time continuum. And that therefore is the bottom line of causality in physical cosmology and why there had to have been a beginning ex nihilio.
Remember that although our vision and minds are limited to a 4 dimensional comprehension (3 of space and 1 of time) additional spatial and temporal dimensions are both possible and necessary to explain the phenomena we observe.
Take matter for instance. Of the critical density of the universe, 5% is ordinary matter, 25 % is dark matter (high gravity like the center of galaxies) and 70% is dark energy (which has a likeness to negative gravity causing the universe to expand creating space/time as it does).
But neither Fermilab nor CERN have ever been able to make or observe ordinary matter (Higgs field/boson) much less can dark matter and dark energy be put to empirical tests in a lab. Currently, physicists are proposing other theories to the Standard Model which will no doubt be embraced if the Higgs field/boson is not observed in the next round of tests at CERN.
Among these theories is the suggestion that matter in four dimensions is a shadow of momentum components of particles in a fifth dimension which we do not yet understand. Another theory (Wesson) is that matter in four dimension may be multiply imaged as much as 1080 times from a single particle in the fifth time-like dimension.
And all of these physical phenomena are in space/time because those additional spatial or temporal dimensions are part and parcel of the space/time continuum.
They are all therefore caused.
There are many universals, forms, qualia and other non-spatial, non-temporal, non-corporeal things which would likewise not exist in the absence of space/time. Among these are pain and pleasure, information (successful communication,) autonomy, mathematical structures, theories, intentions, physical laws, physical constants, threeness, treeness, redness and so on.
None of these things would exist in the absence of space/time - they are therefore the effect of a cause.
Moreover, causation itself is a non-corporeal, non-spatial, non-temporal phenomenon which likewise cannot exist in the absence of space/time and is therefore the effect of a cause.
The only possible uncaused cause of causation itself must by definition be beyond the space/time continuum per se - existence itself uncaused and singular.
Moreover, this existence, uncaused and singular must also have wanted there to be a beginning. In other words, I AM is willful, having personality.
Or to put it another way, He caused causation per se. Causation didnt exist until He gave rise to a beginning, of space, time, energy, matter, things, events, qualia, logic, laws, etc.