[Non-Sequitur]

there are NO "implied restrictions" on the STATES in the Constitution. only restrictions on the FEDERAL govt.

Sure there are. Read the 10th Amendment. The powers "prohibited by it to the States" part of the 10th Amendment.

[stand watie]

those are NOT "implied restrictions". rather they are POSITIVE restrictions on the central government, which the states INTENDED!

certain POWERS were specifically CEDED to the central government by the STATES (which can be "taken back" by the states, too!!)and it was INTENDED that the federal government could/WOULD do NOTHING MORE than that limited amount of things.

NOTE: i suspect there would have been a LOT less POWERS ceded, had the states recognized how powerful, INTRUSIVE & "NOSEY" the fed would become!

free dixie,sw