Since Harvard and the other Ivies are feeder schools for the nation's professoriate, these peculiar prejudices find their way throughout the system. I suspect if state universities could require a significant portion of their faculty to be native residents of their states this would be less of a problem.
That's more or less it. It's not ideology so much as snobbery and tribalism.
A century ago those "Boston Brahmins" could be very conflicted about politics, though. For today's academics, anxiety about the left doesn't exist, because for all practical purposes, they are it. Things looked different when there was fear of a real working class socialist movement.