yes.
and the sad thing is, application of a few secondary filters on a hugely oversized working image, with a final resize, will hide almost all telltales of photomanipulation.
I depend on that fact to keep the pets and relatives happy with their pictures. OTOH, I''m not selling or publishing them either.
The only shots I ever sold or entered in contests have been printed directly from 35mm negatives by a professional photography shop.
I won't submit a digital image, nor enter a conest that allows them...almost non-existent nowadays. Too much room for fraud, rather than skill.