Yes legal residents but not illegal aliens, see above.
And USSC decisions are overturned all the time, they are not necessarily set in stone that cannot ever be rescinded.
No - the legislative history was dealt with too - have you even read the case? As your own linked artcle stated, your best alternative is H.J. Res. 42, sponsored by Rep. Ron Paul of Texas, to amend the Constitution to deny citizenship to individuals born in the United States to parents who are neither U.S. citizens nor persons who owe permanent allegiance to America. As I said, good luck with that. Gotta go.