ummm....You mean it ain't fraud? I'm just guesing here, but I suspect that both the IRS and SSA both have investigative and enforcement arms that are tasked with exactly that purpose in mind...else we would all be using bogus numbers and skip merrily away from any prosecution.
LOL, skipping away how? No, all they can do is to inform the employer that the name does not match the social security number. That can only happen after more than a year since the only time the number is reported to the federal government is when the W-2's are sent in every January. Then there are a few million others to go through as well as the possibility of someone just keying in a number incorrectly (i.e. Joe's number is 526-XX-XXXX and payroll keyed in 562-XX-XXXX). Do you really want them arresting people because of a payroll clerk error?
They will eventually catch it, but by then, the "employee" is usually long gone, especially in construction.