They could indeed. Ever mis-dial a number? How do you know the number you got didn't belong to a kiddie-porn distributor, or the bar where the local Aryan Brotherhood hangs out? And you are now 'linked' to them.
I'm linked to a lot of people, places and things, since I use my phone for work.
And if the feds want to make a federal case out of it, even you and I are "linked". I wonder what dark and sinister things we are sharing in the basement of FR?
Information is either given to the government or the companies "sell" it to people who will pay for it. Or even somebody who works at the company will illegally sell it.
The information is out there and more than the government are looking for it.
Easy now...it's not so much where you dial, but what is said.A misdialed number will be viewed as such. These programs, so I have heard, work off of key words like bomb, kill, etc.
Unless you "misdial" the same number time and time again, you won't be linked. They are analyzing calling patterns.
Now, if you accidently dial an overseas number and happen to reach an known Al-Qaeda operative...