I conclude, therefore, that every particle of authority which originally resided either in Congress, or in any branch of the state governments, was derived from the people who were permanent inhabitants of each province in the first instance, and afterwards became citizens of each state; that this authority was conveyed by each body politic separately, and not by all the people in the several provinces, or states, jointly, and of course, that no authority could be conveyed to the whole, but that which previously was possessed by the several parts; that the distinction between a state and the people of a state has in this respect no foundation, each expression in substance meaning the same thing.
Justice James Iredell, Penhallow v. Doane's Administrators, 3 Dall. 54, 94 (1795)
Interesting though without bearing upon the question of the right of a state to secede from the Union.
Madison was successful in convinving Hamilton that the resumption of powers at will as declared in the New York and Virginia ratification documents were not conditions, but inherent powers explicit in the Constitution itself.