Provisions that applied exclusively to the federal government.
Not really. If that where the case then no law or or bill or any act engaged in or created by the Federal Government would be legal or binding unless approved of by a majority of votes by the people of each individual state.
By ratifying the constitution they agreed that those rights listed therein as "national rights" that belong to the individual people who are citizens of that nation.
That was the whole purpose of the ratification procedure. A state's ratification representative could not/would not agree that you had a "right" on a national scale and then deny you that right within the state.
Some on here confuse a "law" and a "right".
A law is something that you do or don't do.
A right is something that you have, something you possess.