I'm in western Washington state. As for what deer I will be hunting-----well, that goes a bit beyond my level of expertise right now. Just...deer.
Check out the Savage, maybe a 110 model. These guns are very cheap and come from the factory with tricks that many spend money after purchase.
The action is already bedded, the barrel is floated and if you get the Accutrigger model, you won't have to spend money on a trigger job.
Get a 30'06 or a .270.
I hunted deer in Western WA during my teens. Killed many around Morton/Randle/Pasco. You'll be hunting blacktail, which can get up to about 230 lbs, but usually they're about 110-150lbs for a mature buck. If you're hunting in clearcuts, I recommend a .243 or a .270...good accuracy and range up to 300+ yards without a lot of recoil. I killed my first few deer with a Winchester .30-.30 w/iron sights, but I had problems over 200 yards. If you plan on hunting elk, go with a Remington 7600 pump .30-.06. I've killed both deer and elk with that rifle and it's a terrific all around gun.
In their way, Gator, Blood and Red are right, as are the others who have spoken of the 30-06 available absolulely everywhere, lots of choices of bullets, great overall performance, range, brush cutting. There are better for particular applications, but this is pretty universal. Took a turkey in the lower neck and had bird left, but you can still take it against elk.
The 30-30 has many of the same attributes but is a much smaller cartridge, shorter range, less punch, steeper trajectory, but it is a carbine. Close country, very handy. Saddle gun. The marlin is the most respected. You could do with both, in time.
If you could get a new springfield 03-A3 every old marine and brownshoe army vet here would swear by it, mine is great. Do not buy used, unless you are with a real expert.
Would say coastal, likely blacktail, eastern part of the state, muleys.