"Please tell me where the theory of evolution is vigorously questioned and where teachers are urged to offer their students sound reasons for why the theory of evolution may in fact not be true, and why."
What sound reasons? And when do teachers ever discuss any problems with the current theory of gravity? Or Newton's theory?
"I was absolutely shocked to discover, years later, that anyone ever questioned the origins of man as anything other than time plus chance."
Natural selection is not a random process.
The theory of how it happened may not be random, but why it happened certainly is. And besides, the theory that life somehow began from a primordial soup is most certainly random, without purpose or explanation. This in and of itself does not make it wrong (though I believe that it is wrong), just describing what it is.