[donh]

I was speaking more generally, not about penicillin in particular.

OK...could you specify, oh, half a dozen medical breakthroughs that we should blame directly and obviously on trained mathematicians, rather than trained medical biologists, such as Fleming, Pauling, or Pasteur? Could you perhaps identify the mathematicians who were directly responsible for Pasteur's germ theory of disease? Pauling's (a chem major) major breakthroughs?

[AmishDude]

You'll forgive me if I don't have the whole of scientific history at my fingertips. Molecular structure is mathematical, as to specific credit, I believe that has been lost in the tide.

You are still arguing utility. That is fine as far as it goes, but I suspect we are at cross-purposes at this point.