What religion are those living in Anatolia these days I wonder? Somehow, the Islamic message got out far and wide.
Anatolia was conquered by the Seljuk Turks and then the Ottoman Turks. Turks are not Arabs.
And that happened because the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople and shattered the Byzantine Empire, and they were able to do so because they were invited in by some imbecile rivals to the Byzantine throne. Moreover, the ultimate reason (almost certainly) that the Byzantines were not in control of the lands where the Crusaders originated was because of the earlier Arab conquest of the southeastern provinces. Finally, had the Byzantines fended off the Arabs in, say, the 650s, the Turks would probably not have been Muslims anyhow.
Although, to be sure, the Byzantine defeat by the Ottomans at Manzikert in 1071 preceded the Fourth Crusade sack of Constantinople in 1204, but the Byzantines recovered from the former. They would never recover from the latter, and inexorably fell to the Ottomans.