WRT 13, how about previously taxed income that was saved or invested intended to be spent later with no tax penalty. What is your solution? Should we get a pre-index payment on $trillions in accounts. Wouldn't that be "fair" like a prebate?
Your scenario doesn't exist. Taxed income that is withdrawn to be spent IS already having its purchasing power reduced by our tax system.... on EVERY purchase, whether the item has been previously taxed or not.
THere is no reduction in purchasing power.