It's called behavior modeling and it's based on demographics and psychographics.
Every corporation in America does it to one degree or another.
I remember a test known as Stanine or Sta-9 which was given to prospective airline pilots and probably other types of job applicants. My understanding, perhaps incorrect, was that there were a bunch of apparently random questions, which in themselves were meaningless, but profiles had been developed by psychologists based on the overall pattern of answers given by previous test-takers who had turned out to be successful at whatever job they were hired for. This was actually about 30 or more years ago as I recall, long before number-crunching computers were common. But pilots I knew really sweated the thing, looked for crib sheets and so on.